a. 445-455 (American Renaissance) b. 505-508 (Nature) c. 551 (Self-Reliance)
d. 607, 619 (Hawthorne) e. 658, 663 (Paul Revere's Ride) f. 658-663 (Longfellow)
g. 688, 691, 702, 714, 737 (Poe) h. 745 (Lincoln) i. 779 (Stowe) j. 839 (Thoreau)
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B. Sample Questions from Previous Exam
a. Hawthorne's house was in Salem.
b. What is the meaning of "feet" in Anne Bradstreet's "The Author to Her Book"?
--It means her child's leg.
c. "Traveling is a fool's paradise. Our first journeys discover to us the indifference of places." is a quotation from Ralph Waldo Emerson.
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C. Book Discussion
a. American Renaissance (P.455)
Emerson's concept is reformism which is to abandon old European tradition and thoughts.
-- The conviction that American literature and culture were not living up to their Revolutionary or democratic promises.
(a) He plays a crucial role in American Romantic Period and influence everyone. (P.505)
(b) Three keywords of Romantic Period-- individualism, emotionalism, and humanism. (P.507)
(c) There is a metaphor in "Self-Reliance" that is "God helps those who help themselves."(P.508)
(d) About Language-- 1. Words are signs of natural facts. 2. Particular natural facts are symbols of particular spiritual facts. 3. Nature is the symbol of spirit.
(e) "American Scholar" is regarded as the "declaration of cultural independence" and its important keywords include 1. Nature 2. Books 3. Man of thinking (Practical man) 4. Patience. (P.536)
Emerson and "Self-Reliance"c. Transcendentalism
-- The main idea is to transcend the sense knowledge to the ultimate truth within you.
d. Nathaniel Hawthorne
(a) Hawthorne had criticized some negative points of doctors such as they're always proud of the fact that their faith could move mountains. That is the reason why he wrote many stories about evil doctors e.g. Dr. Heidegger's Experiment. (P.603)
*Hubris means extreme pride or self-confidence.
*Allegory in its most general sense is an extended metaphor.
(b) "Young Goodman Brown"
It is a story that a man roaming between vintage city and forest. The climax shows on Page 618. Brown was here to find his British relative who is an officer and seek for his helps initially. However, there is a metaphor in the end of the story in which Brown chose to go back to Ferry and live independently without British officer's helps .
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D. Vocabulary
a. solitude-- "Sol" stands for sole.
* "I wandered lonely as a cloud"-- Longfellow's poem
"For oft, when on my couch I lie
In vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils."
b. custom house
c. cloak
d. liquid paper and bleach-- "Bl" stands for white.
e. Hubris means extreme pride or self-confidence.
f. Allegory in its most general sense is an extended metaphor.g. patriarch culture-- "Patri" stands for father.
* The system of such rule of families by senior males is termed patriarchy.
h. ferryman
i. initiation journey-- 單線性質的旅程
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